Introduction
This research proposal deals with the analysis on the importance of biomaterials for implantable devices. The biomaterials are the materials that are biologically compatible especially helpful in the implantation. The report covers the need for the biomaterials in implantable devices, literature about the biomaterials, usage of biomaterials in the implantable devices, and much more. The biomaterials are having various applications for human usage. The applications of the biomaterials possess significant role for the implantations. These biomaterials market for implantable devices have scope for the metals, polymers, ceramics, and other materials that play essential role in the branches such as cardiology, dental, orthopaedics, and all other departments. The report also covers the methodology of the research, project planning, timeline, and risks associated with the project.
This study includes the research on the analysis of the importance of the biomaterials for the implantable devices. The study requires various design methodologies that include wide variety of the tasks in scheduled manner. Project plan with appropriate schedules supports completion of the research on the selected topic. This study helps to figure out the importance of certain biomaterials in implantation.
This study includes the research on the analysis of the importance of the biomaterials for the implantable devices. The study requires various design methodologies that include wide variety of the tasks in scheduled manner. Project plan with appropriate schedules supports completion of the research on the selected topic. This study helps to figure out the importance of certain biomaterials in implantation.
Aim/Objectives
The main aim or objectives of the study are to do research on the biomaterials and their importance on the various applications and implantable devices. The biomaterials have several applications in the implantable devices and the research is executed into numerous areas of biomaterials. The research is conducted to analyze the importance of several biomaterials in the implantable devices and their levels of use are analyzed. These levels of significance provide the importance of biomaterials. Various factors are assumed in research for the biomaterial compatibility and applications.
Literature Review
There are numerous biomaterials existing in the present industry that have their sources or origin from both nature and artificial means. The biomaterials are those materials that have various applications such as usage in replacement or restoring functions for tissues in the body with good compatibility (Park, J. and Lakes, R.S., 2007). Most of the biomaterials are classified based on the categories such as extracorporeal uses, implantable devices, and temporary implants. The demands for the biomaterials in the real world are increasing every year as they support creation of new implantable devices. The biomaterials have good compatibility and the characteristics of the biomaterials will influence the implantable devices and health of the patients too. The biocompatibility is an ability of the material to exist with an appropriate host response with specific application (Chen, Q. and Thouas, G.A., 2015).
For most of the biomaterials, certain properties must be present which are listed as follows:
• Materials with biocompatibility must have restriction to adverse reactions to the tissues
• The materials must have good resistance for the corrosion and degradation in case of metals and polymers
• The materials must give enough strength for the implantable devices to sustain and stable
• The materials should have low modulus and high wear resistance
As the research involves the analysis about the importance of biomaterials in the implantable devices, several biomaterials are considered for the research. Researchers determined properties of the biomaterials that are used in the implantable devices based on the compatibility, manufacturing, and mechanical properties (Geetha, M. et.al, 2009)
• Compatibility properties mostly associated with the tissue reactions, change in the existing properties of the materials such as mechanical, physical, and chemical, degradation in the material compositions.
• The mechanical properties of the biomaterials include the elasticity, ductility, yield stress, toughness, deformation depending on time, creep, fatigue strength, ultimate strength, hardness, and wear resistance.
• The manufacturing properties of the biomaterials may relate the fabrication techniques, conformity, consistency, quality, techniques to get surface texture, safety and sterilization, and cost.
The types of the biomaterials
applied for the implantation include the metals, polymers, composites, and
ceramics. Each material has its own characteristics and usage. These materials
are used in the implants such as bone grafts, cochlear implants, artificial
heart valves, intraocular lenses, and much more. Metals have great demands for
the implantation in the human body (Khanna, V.K., 2016).
Metals
The metals are used for the
implants with the load-bearing functions. Most of the orthopaedic surgeries
involve the use of the metallic implants that may differ from wires, screws to
plates, prostheses for joints and hips. Apart from these, the metals are also
used in the maxillofacial surgery, dental implantation, and cardiovascular
surgery. Most used metals are stainless steels, pure titanium, titanium alloys,
and cobalt-base alloys.
Polymers
Polymers occupy special position
in the biomaterials and their applications involve the facial prosthesis and
other prosthesis for tracheal tubes, liver parts, and kidney parts. The medical
adhesives and sealants are made of polymers. In addition to applications using
facial prosthesis, the other functions include the use in joints, blood
vessels, bone cement, and PVC.
Apart from these, the polymer materials include the materials such as polyethylene, polylactic and polyglycolic acid, nylon, silicone, acrylic, polyester, polyurethane, PVC, silicones, and other materials (Lloyd, A.W., et.al. 2001).
Apart from these, the polymer materials include the materials such as polyethylene, polylactic and polyglycolic acid, nylon, silicone, acrylic, polyester, polyurethane, PVC, silicones, and other materials (Lloyd, A.W., et.al. 2001).
Ceramics
These materials are used mostly in the dental implants
especially in crowns, dentures, and cements. The ceramics have no extensive use
as compared to polymers and the other materials.
Methodology
The research methodology consists
of various methods and phases as follows to carry out the research on the
mentioned topic.
• Research Planning and Design
• Primary Research
• Secondary Research
• Analysis
• Discussions
• Primary Research
• Secondary Research
• Analysis
• Discussions
Research Planning and Design
The study involves the planning of the steps and designing of each step with specifications and requirements. The requirements are analyzed with the specific steps. In this stage, all the activities are listed with the project plans and specifications.
The study involves the planning of the steps and designing of each step with specifications and requirements. The requirements are analyzed with the specific steps. In this stage, all the activities are listed with the project plans and specifications.
Primary Research
The primary research involves the research on the important biomaterials with their applications. In order to carry out the primary research, a questionnaire or a matrix is created to identify the most important significant biomaterials and their functionalities in the implantable devices. The questionnaire consists of all the biomaterials and their functionalities. The participants are the doctors and biomedical engineers who can rate the particular biomaterial for the factors that the biomaterial possesses and can specify their applications.
Secondary Research
After the completion of the primary research, the secondary research is conducted by collecting all the data and analysis is made.
Interpretation
After the secondary analysis, the results are interpreted by statistical analysis and summary. The results support identification of the importance of the biomaterials in the implantable devices by their significant functions.
Documentation
The documentation involves the preparation of the reports and summary as determined in the research. As a final result, the importance of the biomaterials for the implantable devices is examined.
Project Plan
The project plan assumes the completion of all the tasks as per the deadline and their specifications are given as follows:
The project plan assumes the completion of all the tasks as per the deadline and their specifications are given as follows:
Timeline
The project is planned to
complete within a month.
Risks
Few risks exist as challenges in
the project as specified below:
• Delay in the research due to unavailability of the resources
• Irrelevant results due to inappropriate statistics
• Required more knowledge on the analysis of the subject
• Irrelevant results due to inappropriate statistics
• Required more knowledge on the analysis of the subject
Conclusion
Thus, the research is conducted
for the above mentioned topic focusing the identification of the importance of
the biomaterials in the implantable devices and their significance levels in
the usage. This research is accompanied with the research plan that helps to
carry out the research process in smoother way as per the plan with the
resources.
References
Chen, Q. and Thouas, G.A., 2015.
Metallic implant biomaterials. Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports,
87, pp.1-57.
Geetha, M., Singh, A.K.,
Asokamani, R. and Gogia, A.K., 2009. Ti based biomaterials, the ultimate choice
for orthopaedic implants–a review. Progress in materials science, 54(3),
pp.397-425.
Khanna, V.K., 2016. Biomaterials
for Implants. In Implantable Medical Electronics (pp. 153-166).
Springer, Cham.
Lloyd, A.W., Faragher, R.G. and
Denyer, S.P., 2001. Ocular biomaterials and implants. Biomaterials, 22(8),
pp.769-785.
Park, J. and Lakes, R.S., 2007. Biomaterials:
an introduction. Springer Science & Business Media.
Appendix
Questionnaire
